In Gaza, prolonged blockade, recurrent conflict, and systemic deprivation have turned HIV from an under-detected condition into an increasingly invisible humanitarian health concern. Before the 2023 escalation, about 125 people living with HIV/AIDS were officially recorded in Palestine, including 50 in Gaza – a figure likely shaped more by limited surveillance, stigma, and restricted testing than by low transmission. The destruction of healthcare infrastructure, displacement of medical staff, and collapse of supply chains have since disrupted treatment continuity and eliminated epidemiological visibility. Shortages of antiretroviral therapy (ART), damaged laboratories, and disrupted patient follow-up systems now expose people living with HIV to viral rebound, opportunistic infections, and increased mortality, while heightening transmission risks. Overcrowding, poverty, displacement, and weakened infection prevention and control systems further intensify vulnerability. Key populations – including women of reproductive age, people who inject drugs, and displaced communities – face barriers to prevention and care, while interrupted antenatal services threaten vertical-transmission (mother-to-child) prevention. Restoring ART supply, rebuilding surveillance, integrating HIV services into emergency care, and reducing stigma are urgent priorities.