The One Health concept is defined as an integrated approach to health based on the interdependence of humans, animals, and ecosystems. Within this framework, the High-Level Expert Panel identified six key areas representing major challenges for current health policy, including the reduction of epidemic and pandemic risks associated with zoonotic diseases, the control of endemic, tropical, and vector-borne diseases, the prevention of antimicrobial resistance, and the improvement of food safety and security. The aim of this article is to provide an introduction to the One Health concept, present the actions undertaken within its scope, and identify the key institutions and strategies implementing its principles, particularly within the structures of the European Union.